Criminal Justice Capstone questions - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 336 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? The system of criminal and social justice has been plagued with several issues that are making it to be ever changing in the society. Among many issue that has been associated with the social justice system, this paper will highlight about the equity and fairness.   The government of the US is working to make sure that it balances the acts in the constitution to make that all the citizens are protected from the effects that may arise as a result of living in a society where there is lack of equity and fairness. The system of social justice is overarching its societal apprehension about the issue of in equality and unfairness that could be triggered by factors like racial segregation and poverty. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Criminal Justice: Capstone questions" essay for you Create order The system of social justice employs the key concepts of fairness and correctness with the idea of promoting equality and equal opportunities to all the members in the society. The system of social justice in US has the main objective as to ensure that all the citizens can afford the same privileges and same opportunities and protection. This will help to address the issue of rights protection that as indicated in the US constitution. Some of these rights that will be supported by equality and fairness  Ã‚   in social justice include the free public education, equal opportunities in employment, right to participation in welfare programs and finally the universal right to participate in elections by voting. It is a fact that social justice is vast in the US and it is working to encompass equal economic, social and political rights for all citizens. However, the effectiveness of the social justice system has been slowed down by some factors like the individual liberties but there are set criminal justice processes to deal with the violation according to the criminal law. For instance, the American society has defined that it is wrong to treat people unfairl y and unequally and hence has set some laws upheld by the criminal justice system that in place to promote social justice.

The United States Immigration Policy - 1596 Words

The United States immigration policy has never pleased all Americans and probably never will. Throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, politicians have toiled continuously with the broken system. For example, Congress attempted to strengthen the western border by passing the Illegal Immigrant Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act in 1996 (Historical Overview). Although the proposed increase in Border Patrol agents seemed promising, insufficient funding kept the act from adequate enforcement (Historical Overview). Now, President Obama is trying to fix the immigration policy. Last November, the president issued an executive order so that his immigration proposal would be passed. In his proposal, his main focus was removing people who pose a threat to our country, as well as continuing to dispose of illegal immigration along the southern border (Immigration). Even though a few of the President s critical points may be effective, it simply is not enough to remedy what has been broken f or so long. Changes need to be made to our country s immigration policy in order for it to be effective. The history of immigration in the United States dates back to before the 19th century. Immigration first became an ordeal when the federal government took responsibility of its regulation in 1875 (Historical Overview). This began an issue still troubling our country. Over the years, many politicians have attempted to fix the system since the 20th century. Early in the 20th century,Show MoreRelatedThe United States Immigration Policy1199 Words   |  5 Pages In the United States immigration has almost always been a controversial topic to discuss. James Madison wrote that Our kind reception of immigrants is very proper, but it is dictated more by benevolent [sic] than by interested consideration, though some of them seem to be very far from regarding the obligations as lying on their side(Madison, James) When Madison wrote this he had no clue of the problems that immigration could cause in the modern day United States in the last five to six decadesRead MoreThe Immigration Policy Of The United States Essay922 Words   |  4 PagesHillary Clinton will continue the destructive immigration policy of the Obama Regime if she is elected president. The policy itself is helping to destroy the very nature of our country. America has always had a lot of immigration, legal and illegal alike, but now we are in crisis mode. Most of the immigrants from Central America, especially Mexico, do not want to immerse themselves in American culture. However, they do want a return of the South-West territory of Mexico. Under the Obama AdministrationRead MoreImmigration Policy And The United States1713 Words   |  7 PagesFletcher SPEA V-160 Susan Siena April 2nd, 2017 Immigration Policy This paper will be discussing immigration policy, what fixes the United States needs to make to the current policy and what aspects should remain the same. This paper will first discuss what our current policy is, then transition its focus to immigration quotas, border patrol and security, and lastly discussing refugees. In order to reform the immigration policy, we must have an open policy for refugees. We will allow refugees to enterRead MoreImmigration Policy Of The United States1017 Words   |  5 Pagesto have open and honest debate of immigration policy in the United States. It is not that there is not an immigration policy. The author presented two points of view: for immigration and for restricted immigration. For a true democracy, policies are formulated, adopted, implemented and evaluated. In the evaluation phase, challenges are made as to the effectiveness of a â€Å"living† policy. All government’s action or inaction, affects the people governed, and immig ration is no exception. In fact, it directlyRead MoreImmigration Policy Of The United States1045 Words   |  5 PagesRecently the President of the United States, Barack Obama, spoke to the country about immigration policy and measures he wants to take. He announced this past Thursday he would be easing the threat of deportation for the roughly 4.4 million illegal immigrants who are parents of legal American citizens. This paper will look into not only this new policy, but also the comprehensive policy of immigration in the United States. It will cover where the foreign-born population comes from, the mix ofRead MoreImmigration Policy Of The United States1763 Words   |  8 PagesImmigration is a timely issue that took my interest, and being an immigrant it was the first topic that came to my mind for this problem-solution research paper. It is imperative that the citizens must know that there are underlying major problems that are associated with the current immigration policy of the country. Thus, the United States’ government must address this serious problem with the majority support of its citizens. By tackling the issue of immigration, it will not just resolve one problemRead MoreThe Immigration Policy Of The United States1869 Words   |  8 Pagespeople migrate to different countries, the impact of immigration in countries, and how countries should go about regulating immigration. When discussing the ethics of immigration, it is important to view this topic from both sides and not just one side. In doing so, a person gets a sense of the bigger picture that the U.S. is currently dealing with due to immigration. With that being said, the United States should strive for an immigration policy that can benefit everyone involved as a whole. IsRead MoreImmigration Policies Of The United States1836 Words   |  8 Pages Immigration Policies Jennifer (Stark) Rinehart University of Charleston Immigration Policies Cheers to technology and the internet, the world has over the years turned to be a small village where physical and geographical barriers that hindered people’s movement from continent to continent no longer exist. As a result, people’s movements are no longer mired geographically, but rather by man-made policies. Such policies are termed as immigration policies. They denote a country’s setRead MoreImmigration Policy Of Canada And The United States1765 Words   |  8 Pagesauthor chose immigration as the topic of this report to rationalize and review its various aspects which will serve as the grounding to expand the author’s business in immigration based countries like Canada. The report encompasses the most preferred countries for immigration, immigration policies in Australia, Canada and the United States, and the economic impact of immigration. The report does not cover refugee immigration, illegal immigration and the negative impacts of immigration. There has beenRead More Immigration Policy in the United States Essay2016 Words   |  9 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We are now in the 21st century and like the beginning of the 20th century the United States finds itself in the throes of a period of mass immigration. More then one million immigrants enter the Unites States, both legally and illegally every single year. Many argue that this new wave of mass immigration may help sustain the success that our nation is having in regard to the way of living that many American have come accustomed to and yet others believe that although our nation was

Mental Health Issue Of Eating Disorder †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Mental Health Issue Of Eating Disorder. Answer: Introduction The current assignment focuses on the mental health issue of eating disorder and the impact the same can have on the lifestyle, health, and surroundings of people. Sometimes the effect is much more pronounced and effects the family members of the one affected also. Eating disorder or binge eating often arises as an outcome of certain mental health issues. Binge eating is mainly taken up by individuals when one is in a melancholic or depressive state of mind. It is also a sign of the restless mind where an individual tries to recover from their mental frustrations through indulging in food. The eating disorder is mainly characterized by irregular eating patterns often accompanied by large gaps which are primarily triggered by concern regarding individual body and weight. Eating disorders are expressed equally within the male as well as in the female. Apart from binge eating, the other types of the eating disorder include anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. The eating disorders can arise at any stage of life. However, they are mainly are predominant during the teenage years and often co-exist with the mental sickness issues which include depression, abuse of substance and anxiety. Most of the eating disorders stem from a shame regarding body shape and image. The process of clinical reasoning is used by medical professionals to aid in informed decision making.Clinicalexpertise, previousknowledge and using evidence-based practice play an important part in clinical reasoning to make the best use of patient's information in making a judgment(Banning 2008, Lee, Lee, et al. 2016). Clinical reasoning is also helpful to care for patients having unhealthy altered eating habits that progress to eating disorders. Eating disorders are most commonly categorized into three, Binge eating disorder (BED), Anorexia nervosa (AN) and Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and (Kupfer, Kuhl, et al. 2013, Maguen, Hebenstreit, et al. 2018). Considering the patients situation is helpful when planning care for a patient having an eating disorder. It is prevalent in younger age groups, especially in female population aged 15 -19-year-old (Smink, van Hoeken et al. 2012, Hoek 2016). Various factors including genetic, neurobiological, psychological commonly body image dissatisfaction, personality disorders, western cultural influence and childhood sex abuse contributes to eating disorders occurrences (Rikani, Choudhry, et al. 2013). Patient history including family past occurences of eating disorders and having a past or present diagnosis of mental illnesses including obsessive-compulsive depression, disorder in mind, anxiety, etc. can also have a significant impact on patients presentation of eating disorder (Cederlf, Thornton et al. 2015). Assessing a patient diagnosed with an eating disorder for the current issue, status on mental health, developmental occurences, societal, medical history and current medical problems, eat ing patterns and compensatory behaviors are essential for planning the care and treatment plans (Wolfe and Gimby 2003). Current presentation like very low or high individual weight in terms of age, physical health and sex, fearful of being overweight, being unable to sense and control inappropriate eating habits. There is also consuming significant quantity of food within a while, having settling behaviors to avoid weight gain are observed during eating disorders (Harrington, Jimerson et al. 2015). Malnutrition in anorexia nervosa can present as symptoms like brittle hair and nails, hyperkeratosis, hypotension, amenorrhea, osteoporosis at young age. It can also progress to more complications such as arrhythmia, bradycardia, edema etc. Due to electrolyte imbalances and heart muscle wasting while in bulimia nervosa the clinical signs due to self-induced vomiting include oral disease, calluses on fingers, parotid gland increase or scars, weight fluctuations, electrolyte imbalances leading to edema, etc. (Harrington, Jimerson et al. 2015, Mehler and Brown 2015). Psychological conditions including disorder in mind, anxiety, abuse of substance, personality, self-harm, committing suicide thoughts or depression are commonly comorbid with eating disorders; it is unclear whether these are caused by or are a risk factor of an eating disorder (Herpertz-Dahlmann, Keski-Rahkonen and Mustelin 2016). For a patient diagnosed with this problem, it is important to consider the vast possibilities of various medical and psychological co-morbidities, and hence a very comprehensive patient assessment is essential to link the association of multiple diseases and to formulate a treatment plan. Conventional diagnostic procedures for eating disorders include SCOFF questionnaire, regular weight, height and body mass index measurements, urinalysis to determine hydration status, ph. Level, kidney damage, routine blood pressure measurements, electrocardiography, complete blood count, etc. (Harrington, Jimerson, et al. 2015). Deriving a pattern from the diagnosis and associated comorbidities a care plan can be formulated by the treatment team. Attention is given to the severe medical conditions first that may be life-threatening, for example, cardiac complications associated with the eating disorder may require emergent hospitalization, after stabilizing those conditions focus can be moved to im prove the lifestyle and providing patient with psychological and medical support to maintain that lifestyle. Assessment of Eating Disorder The occurrence of binge eating disorder within an individual could be analyzed through comprehensive clinical assessment. As mentioned by Mehler Andersen (2017), the eating disorders are associated with the significant amount of health morbidities as well as could also result in psychological distress. Some of the typical processes which could be conducted by the attending physician to monitor the presence of eating disorder in an individual are through routine laboratory tests, review of presenting symptoms, recording vital health details of the patient and comparing them on each visit and conducting a psychometric assessment test. Some of the routine laboratory tests performed to monitor the overall eating pattern of an individual are-liver function test, monitoring serum calcium, magnesium and phosphorus, monitoring TSH, blood glucose. As commented by Clement et al. (2015), the liver function tests are beneficial in determining any anomalies or abnormalities in the metabolic proc ess and digestion. The health professional catering to the eating disorder concerns needs to review the clinical symptoms expressed in the patient. Some of these could be health related or merely psychological manifestations. The range of symptoms expressed in the patient are-fatigue, frequent urination, heartburn, irritability, loss of menses, sleep disturbances, depression, constipation, diarrhea, brittle hair, and nails. As supported by, self-monitoring of weight on a regular basis can also help in regulation the obsessive eating disorder. Additionally, the healthcare professionals could develop a range of questions to inquire regarding the eating patterns of an individual. Treatment and Nursing Interventions Somenursing interventions and treatment methods could be suggested for treatment of anorexia or eating disorder in people. The treatment or the intervention plans have been designed concerning the overall health assessment of the patient. As mentioned by Mehler Andersen (2017), it is essential to consider the health co-morbidities before a specific intervention plan could be met out to a patient. The healthcare ornursing professionals could play a very effective role in monitoring the eating patterns of an individual. As mentioned by gh et al. (2015), adequate nutrition and electrolyte balance needs to be maintained as the lack of nutrient can lead to the development of some health issues or disorders. Setting the time limits for each meal along with strictly monitoring activities such as vomiting before and after eating can lead to a reduction in anxiety level related to eating. Additionally, monitoring the weight of the patients frequently can help in preventing the incidents of b inge eating. Integration of an individualized meal plan can also help in restoration and stabilize normal eating (Chesney, Goodwin Fazel, 2014). Some psychotherapeutic approaches have been suggested for controlling the rate of binge eating in an individual. Some of these are implemented through cognitive behavioral therapy which helps an individual to change their perception regarding food and themselves. The interpersonal psychotherapy focuses upon the interpersonal difficulties in a persons life which should be treated to bring the required changes in eating patterns. The incorporation of a dialectical behavioral therapy helps people to figure out the emotional distress faced by them. As commented by McElroy et al. (2015), lip-smacking food is often seen as a way out from the melancholic and depressive mode of life. Thus, the process of the mental based depression reduction therapy can also help in the reducing the dependence upon food, which acts a source of stress buster. Effect on Family And Community An eating disorder is a severe problem in the modern world. It is a psychological disorder which is characterized by disturbed or abnormal eating habit. For example, nervosa is an eating disorder, where people stop eating because of the fear of weight addition and hence, suffer from severe food restriction. The perceptions of a perfect figure and resulting eating disorder have a profound implications on the individual, their family and the community the individual is living in (Rohde, Stice Marti, 2014). Today, the mass media advertises the concept of beauty regarding youthful face and slender figure of women, which leads to the idealization of a thin body by not gaining weight. However, the ideal value is almost impossible to achieve, but women get panicked about their weight and stop eating. Individuals can experience physical consequences, like malnutrition, together with other chronic diseases, for example, high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, dental issues, heart attack, inflamed esophagus, weak bones, and sometimes even death (Blodgett Salafia et al., 2015). The physical impact of the eating disorder shows the implications gradually on the body system. The effects are long-term, which cast their impact in the adulthood. If an individual suffers from this disorder and its resultant health effects, then it is an another cost to the family of the person affected and the whole community. The society is then burdened to provide long-term treatment to these individuals. Yu, Damhorst Russell (2011) state that in the future, when these young people grow up with many chronic diseases, the community has to provide proper medical treatment at large, regarding hospital facilities, drug counseling, and many more. The working capacity of that individual will also be affected due to ill health, which in turn will change the work culture as well as the productivity of the community. The individuals with severe eating disorder suffer from isolation and substance abuse. These can have repercussions for their families. The academic performance, social interaction, participation in school and college programs, all get affected due to health issues of the individuals (Moessner Bauer, 2017). The parents want to cope up with such problems, also get isolated from the society, which is again a major problem for the community. As the problem of an eating disorder is more mental and less physical, it brings extreme pressure on the individual and their families although from different perspectives. The behavior coming from this disorder puts an emotional toll on the affected individual and his family and friends. They start lagging behind in confidence, which gets reflected in their regular activities of daily life and the family faces financial consequences (Gale et al., 2014). The medical cost for such nervous problem is quite high, and the families and the society gets affected by the cost of treatment. It can be said that the self-perception of an individual, influenced by the media, can result in a disastrous effect on the individual regarding somatic and mental health and the families and the community get affected through high medical cost and social isolation. Conclusion The current assignment focuses on the aspect of eating disorder in individuals. The eating disorder stems from psychological stress, negative self-image and failure to lose weight. There is broad scale opinion that weight is genetically controlled and once someone is fat they can hardly do anything about it. Therefore, failure leads to more disappointment and as a result of which an individual has often been seen to stop making an effort altogether. The higher the frustration, the more is the level of indulgence in binge eating. The binge eating can result in a tremendous amount of health complications such as gastrointestinal disorders along with obesity, which can trigger further complications. One of the most critical methods in the control of eating disorders is through implementing useful counseling sessions. As mentioned by gh et al. (2015), the counseling sessions help in changing the view possessed by an individual regarding self and eating habits. As suggested by Clement et al. (2015), acceptance of self in the true form can help in reducing the fidgety behavior regarding food. However, effectivenursing intervention methods are crucial in the assessment of the obesity patterns of an individual. Some of the intervention approaches could be delivered in the form of psychotherapy sessions. The psychotherapeutic approaches can further help in removing the individual biases regarding self and food. References Wolfe, B. E. and L. B. Gimby (2003). "Caring for the hospitalized patient with an eating disorder."Nursing Clinics 38(1): 75-99. gh, T., Kovcs, G., Pawaskar, M., Supina, D., Inotai, A., Vok, Z. (2015). Epidemiology, health-related quality of life and economic burden of binge eating disorder: a systematic literature review.Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity,20(1), 1-12. Retrieved from : https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Hu17DQAAQBAJprintsec=frontcoverdq=gh,+T.,+Kovcs,+G.,+Pawaskar,+M.,+Supina,+D.,+Inotai,+A.,+%26+Vok,+Z.+(2015).+Epidemiology,+health-related+quality+of+life+and+economic+burden+of+binge+eating+disorder:+a+systematic+literature+review.+Eating+and+Weight+Disorders-Studies+on+Anorexia,+Bulimia+and+Obesity,+20(1),+1-12hl=ensa=Xved=0ahUKEwjj3Yudp6raAhWBYo8KHdcXCv0Q6AEIJjAA#v=onepageqf=false Chesney, E., Goodwin, G. M., Fazel, S. (2014). Risks of all?cause and suicide mortality in mental disorders: a meta?review.World Psychiatry,13(2), 153-160. Retrieved from : https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20128 Clement, S., Schauman, O., Graham, T., Maggioni, F., Evans-Lacko, S., Bezborodovs, N., ... Thornicroft, G. (2015). What is the impact of mental health-related stigma on help-seeking? A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies.Psychological medicine,45(1), 11-27. Retrieved from : https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291714000129 Costello, E. J., He, J. P., Sampson, N. A., Kessler, R. C., Merikangas, K. R. (2014). Services for adolescents with psychiatric disorders: 12-month data from the National Comorbidity SurveyAdolescent.Psychiatric Services,65(3), 359-366. Retrieved from : https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201100518 McElroy, S. L., Hudson, J. I., Mitchell, J. E., Wilfley, D., Ferreira-Cornwell, M. C., Gao, J., ... Gasior, M. (2015). Efficacy and safety of lisdexamfetamine for treatment of adults with moderate to severe binge-eating disorder: a randomized clinical trial.JAMA psychiatry,72(3), 235-246. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2162 Mehler, P. S., Andersen, A. E. (2017).Eating disorders: A guide to medical care and complications. JHU Press, 11-25. Retrieved from : https://search.proquest.com/openview/b72b393e102d5c79d72fc621feba2045/1?pq-origsite=gscholarcbl=18750diss=y Stice, E., Gau, J. M., Rohde, P., Shaw, H. (2017). Risk factors that predict future onset of each DSM5 eating disorder: Predictive specificity in high-risk adolescent females.Journal of abnormal psychology,126(1), 38. Retrieved from : https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/2016-47863-001 Welch, E., Jangmo, A., Thornton, L. M., Norring, C., von Hausswolff-Juhlin, Y., Herman, B. K., ... Bulik, C. M. (2016). Treatment-seeking patients with binge-eating disorder in the Swedish national registers: clinical course and psychiatric comorbidity.BMC psychiatry,16(1), 163. Retrieved from : https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-0840-7 Blodgett Salafia, E., Jones, M., Haugen, E., Schaefer, M. (2015). Perceptions of the causes of eating disorders: a comparison of individuals with and without eating disorders.Journal Of Eating Disorders,3(1). DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40337-015-0069-8 Gale, C., Gilbert, P., Read, N., Goss, K. (2014). An evaluation of the impact of introducing compassion focused therapy to a standard treatment programme for people with eating disorders.Clinical psychology psychotherapy,21(1), 1-12. DOI:10.1002/cpp.1806 Moessner, M., Bauer, S. (2017). Maximizing the public health impact of eating disorder services: A simulation study.International Journal of Eating Disorders,50(12), 1378-1384. DOI: 10.1002/eat.22792 Rohde, P., Stice, E., Marti, C. (2014). Development and predictive effects of eating disorder risk factors during adolescence: Implications for prevention efforts.International Journal Of Eating Disorders,48(2), 187-198. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eat.22270 Yu, U., Damhorst, M., Russell, D. (2011). The Impact of Body Image on Consumers Perceptions of Idealized Advertising Images and Brand Attitudes.Family And Consumer Sciences Research Journal,40(1), 58-73. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-3934.2011.02088.x

Taking Deep Breaths free essay sample

I take deep breaths trying to tame my wildly beating heart.My eyes tear up. I lock myself in my bathroom until its safe to come out, until my younger brother calmed down.I desperately called my mom on her cellphone, but she was driving her afternoon bus route and couldn’t answer. I sat with my back against the door for almost two hours. Quietly, I cracked my bathroom door and peeked out. My brother had settled down, or at least given up on trying to hurt me. Adrenaline coursed through my body, leaving me sweaty, cold at the same time. I tip-toed out of the bathroom and made dashed to my room. Seeing the discarded kitchen knife on the living room floor, I panicked and ran faster. I locked myself in my room and broke down. My younger brother was only eight at the time.I couldnt understand what would make him so angry. We will write a custom essay sample on Taking Deep Breaths or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By this time, my mom had called back, and a raspy voice I explained to her what happened: that I didn’t know what had set him off, I didn’t mean it, I’m sorry.She repeated that it wasn’t my fault, but I wouldn’t listen. My mother rushed home and took my brother to a crisis center. It was there they recommended he to go to a hospital that could better facilitate autism. My mother and I were shocked that my brother had autism. When the hospital admitted him, they disclosed he had a mild form of autism called Asperger Syndrome. We had always assumed he was doing things purposefully, acting out and so on. This strange new name threw my mother and me into a whirlwind. We searched for answers. What caused it? How can we cure it? Each time we were met with disappointment. My brother would be on medication for the rest of his life.I didn’t understand autism at the time; I was only 12 years old. As I have gotten older, I better understand his challenges, his moods and his limitations.Five years later, my brother has made leaps and bounds. He’s no longer violent and angry all the time, but he still has limits. Since its just my brother, my mom and me at home, I help pick up the slack. I help my brother with homework, cook us both dinners multiple times a week, help with chores, all while maintaining my own schedule as a college-bound student. All of this has left little time for a social life, and in my early teens, I used to resent that. As I’ve gotten older, I have lost that resentment. Having a younger brother with special needs has given me a unique outlook that my peers lack. Their ignorance to people with special needs is appalling and demeaning. Ive heard special needs students called stupid, worthless and even worse. Through the hardships, I have a better understanding of patience and compassion.Growing up this way has affected my family dynamic a lot. As my brother and I get older, we both grow and take on new challenges. For me, this means going away to college on my own, even though Im very emotionally dependent on my family. I know starting over will be intimidating, but Im motivated and hard working and I plan to do everything I can to make my college education mean the most it can. Ill be the first person in my family to go to a four-year university. The only thing I’m not worried about is the people I’ll meet. Since I’ve seen my brother get taunted and teased I’m more accepting of all different types of people. With this pressure added on combined with my family who supports me, I know Ill be able to secure all of our dreams.

US in the Middle East

Evaluation of the Internal and External Environments Essays

Evaluation of the Internal and External Environments Essays Evaluation of the Internal and External Environments Paper Evaluation of the Internal and External Environments Paper Evaluation of the internal and external environments is then followed by crucial decisions grading long and short-term goals and finally organizes for the implementation of the plan of action. The internal and external environments of Logo and Harley Davidson companies are described using an environmental scan. Environmental Scanning According to Wheeled Hunger an environmental scan is the monitoring, evaluation, and dissemination of information from the external and internal environments to key people with the corporation (Wheeled Hunger, 201 0, p. 8). External environments are identified by the possible opportunities and threats outside the organization. Internal environments are identified by the strengths and weaknesses within the organization. In addition, successful businesses analyze the following forces that drive industry competition, threat Of new entrants, rivalry among existing firms, threat Of substitute products or services, bargaining power of buyers, bargaining power of suppliers, and relative power of other stakeholders. Logos Internal Environment According to Metcalf Alfresco (2013), inbound logistics, which emphasizes on raw material, is fundamental in the companys operations. It acquires her main bulk of chemical materials from Leanness, a German company that provides standardized ingredients without any bottleneck that may interfere with Logos company. Logo further focuses on their products future demands by ensuring proper product mix. Although it is a cumbersome and technical forecast, the company has always done it successfully via utilization of software and analytical approach in achieving their goal. Moreover, Logo has optimally managed their manufacturing process in a way that high quality products are produced with minimal incidences of faultiness and wastage. The companys patented plastic ingredient ensures durable product and desirable colors as well as adherence to the European CE-labeling thus ensuring conformation with the European Union legislation (Hauser Robertson, 2009). Additionally, Logo has outsourced their distribution to DEL Excel Supply Chain in Eastern Europe hence reducing excess capacity during Summer when sales are low. It further helps them to concentrate in the production services and letting experts do their distributions. Logo has also diversified their operations such as entering into a strategic partnership with organizations such as Lucas Arts and Warner Pros that has enabled Star Wars and Harry Porter act as the savior of Logo (Metcalf Alfresco, 2013). Hauser Robertson (2009), posit that several businesses combinations that Logo has entered itself in make it enjoy indirect marketing thus contributing to their dramatic increase in sales. The company has been expanding their production facility closer to their customers as well as numerous promotional strategies such as conventional media and philanthropic charity. The company also uses superior prices and avoids any engagement in price tragedy and associates their high prices with better quality. It has also integrated some of their programs with educational institutions as a way of improving their products. Logos External Environment Considering Logos bargaining power, their significant supplier is within the chemical market that is very competitive thus reducing the suppliers bargaining power. The company has categorized their suppliers based on rockiness hence making their largest suppliers to be in low risk countries and smaller group of suppliers in high-risk countries. Companies in the toy industries including Logo have ensured low suppliers bargaining power. Retailers play an important role in selling and distributing Logos company (Hauser Robertson, 2009). Additionally, Logo has huge cost advantage since it does their production in low waged regions as well as the advantage of economies of scale. Logo also enjoys a vast variety of expertise that enables them to make competitive decisions. In addition, they have high brand equity that have been created for a long time. Metcalf Alfresco (2013), argue that Logo has addressed the issue of threat brought about by computer games by paving to electronic gaming. Logo enjoys loyal customers worldwide with exclusive licenses, solid distribution network, financial liberty as well as market experience. Harley Davidson Internal Environment According to Agnostic (201 3), Harley Davidson is amongst the leading motorcycle companies that have applied technology to their image thus making it stay competitive. The organization possesses a lot of internal resources that strengthen their long-term strategies. It has a great corporate structure that counts as amongst the first divisional structure that used just in mime inventory strategy. It is involved in a diversified kind of business that not only includes motorcycles but also includes other related products and financial services. Moreover, the companys decision-making process is decentralized and every department is accorded responsibility to deal with various issues. Harley Davidson is so much concentrated on deep emotional customer link via their services and products and this greatly attracts many customers who feel that the company cares for them. The companys relationship of employees is so close and awesome as the top management is loosely bonded to other employees thus easing decision-making process. Harley Davidson culture is aimed at preserving and maintaining the organization through constant product and service quality as well as achievement of financial success. The company always works at adding value to their products as well as creating image and attracting new customers. It has successfully licensed their products and this has really enhanced their image. The organization sells their products through a wide network of dealers who have ensured a wide customer base especially in America (Agnostic, 2013). Harley Davidson treats their customers by offering them 1 year membership to the Harley owners group and further conducts rallies that help in showcasing and demonstrating their new products. It uses value over price strategy and provides company information online. Harley Davidson has strong financial position making it be in a favorable position to withstand falling prices and increased costs. It further uses strong RD by investing in new technology that makes it manufacture powerful, lighter, stronger and finest motorcycles possible (Robertson Equalize, 2010). Harley Davidson External Environment According to Robertson Equalize (201 0), demand for motorcycles in the sporting industry has grown very high and Harley Davidson is so much trusted due to their high quality production. Being a IIS based company it enjoys a wider market segment because most people trust and love made in U. S products particularly when it comes to motorcycles. Harley Davidson enjoys efficient supply of sheet metal, coils and other raw materials from the favorable supply bases. The company dwells on its success in the heavyweight motorcycles beating highly competitive substitutes such as Yamaha, Honda and Sukiyaki. Measurement Guidelines Both Harley Davidson and Logo use profit and increase in revenue as the measurement guidelines of the effectiveness of their strategies. The number of sales made and the ability to beat competitors in terms of revenue generated and the number of units sold remains integral way of ascertaining the effectiveness of the companies strategies. Also, Harley-Davidson and Logo focus on the wide market coverage especially the overseas market as a way of achieving their effectiveness. Measurement guidelines for both companies are indeed very effective and positive since they focus on the main objective of every business, making profit. Unless business revenue rises and profit increase is experienced, a business cannot be said to be making a progress and achieving their objectives. Conclusion Both Logo and Harley Davidson have demonstrated that environmental scanning has been essential to their success in identifying internal and external environments. Their long-term strategic plan has been successful because their ability to focus on what works and what do not in regards to internal and external forces. They were able to gain and maintain nominative advantage over their competitors by knowing their strengths and weaknesses.

Methodology for a sociology class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Methodology for a sociology class - Essay Example Immediately we looked the Mission District which works with a large number of the Latino, Chicano, Central and South American immigrant population. We also looked at the Dolores Street Community Services Center. This center works to provide many homeless people with affordable housing and helps empower some of its low-income residents living in San Francisco. We met Marlon Mendieta, the Housing Program Director of Dolores Street Community Service Center. She gave us a short summary on her center. She explained to us the steps they are taking in order to help underprivileged people in their community. She also provided us with information on how they are trying to create a healthy community where everybody has equal rights regardless of income, immigration or health status. After we spoke with Mrs. Mendieta we went to the womens building where we interviewed Yeni Solis, the Reception Coordinator. She explained the centers mission statement to us and told us that their goal is to empower women and girls in the society by providing them with services and programs to become more self-sufficient. The last stop for our team was The Mission Cultural Center Latino where we met Christina who was originally from Argentina . She told us about her unique experience with the center. She has been taking dancing classes and she told us how she is happy about being more involved with community. All of these centers gave us a more defining picture on the immigrants life in an urban community and a centers role in helping them adjust to life in America. Our group chose to not just browse the internet but to go to these centers and interview the staff and the immigrants. We wanted to have a genuine experience and to see exactly how the immigrants are living and adjusting to life in the Unites

Letter of motivation to a Prospective Employer Essay

Letter of motivation to a Prospective Employer - Essay Example I did the following courses during my studies for the Bachelor’s of Science Degree in Criminal Justice and Administration: Contemporary issues in Criminal Justice, Criminology, Policing Theory and Practice, Criminal Law, Interpersonal Communication, Institutional and Communication, Institutional and Community Corrections, Criminal Procedure, Criminal Court Systems, Criminal Organizations, Juvenile Justice Systems and Process, Ethics in Criminal Justice, Cultural Diversity in Criminal Justice, Research Methods in Criminal Justice, Organizational Behaviour and Management, Criminal Justice Administration, Foundations of Criminal Justice, Criminal Justice Policy Analysis, Managing Criminal Justice Personnel, Futures of Criminal Justice, and Interdisciplinary Capstone Course. All these courses are specially designed to equip the student with the knowledge and skills required in dealing with managerial as well as leadership aspects that are related to the operations of the criminal justice agencies. The courses offer a strong foundation of theoretical knowledge that can be transformed into real life practice in the profession of criminal justice. It is my strong conviction that the knowledge I have gained in the field of Criminal justice have greatly enhanced my managerial and administrative skills that are closely related to law enforcement, the criminal courts and corrections. My degree program is designed to offer the students with a strong background in criminal justice principles, theories as well as concepts that are related to justice administration. All the courses I have taken are designed to fulfil the core aspects of criminal justice as portrayed in the domains of courts, police services as well as corrections. The programme offers a global perspective to the realm of criminal justice and it fulfils various management functions that can improve the operations of various managerial departments in related agencies that deal with criminal justice. The courses I took will greatly help me in my profession since I am better positioned to approach any situation with self determination as a result of the valuable theoretical knowledge I gained in each course and I can transform it into real practice. Basically, the BSCJA programme is designed to fulfil various goals and these were fulfilled both in theory and in practice through practical lessons by my tutors who are serving members of the justice system. My professors teach from a practical stand point and this curriculum is designed to equip the student with the much needed practical experience in this particular field where he is given the opportunity to transform the theoretical knowledge gained into real practice. As such, I believe I have the following competencies that can positively contribute to the overall performance of the organization as a whole. I have good communication skills and can communicate both verbally and written at all levels. The valuable knowledge I have gai ned in this particular discipline have developed my style of systematic, creative and logical thinking. I can diligently approach any given scenario and I can find solutions to

Outside Speech Assignment Essay Example for Free

Outside Speech Assignment Essay After I watched the speech which was gave by Bill Gates in June 08, 2007 on the Harvard commencement, I felt more interesting in Bill Gates. According to the information offered by woopidoo. com, we can find the Biography of Bill Gates, which said, â€Å"Bill Gates is one of the most influential people in the world. He is cofounder of one of the most recognized brands in the computer industry with nearly every desk top computer using at least one software program from Microsoft. Bill Gates is the richest man in the world and has held the number one position for many years. Gates was born and grew up in Seattle, Washington USA. His father, William H. Gates II was a Seattle attorney and his mother, Mary Maxwell Gates was a school teacher and chairperson of the United Way charity. Gates and his two sisters had a comfortable upbringing, with Gates being able to attend the exclusive secondary Lakeside School. Bill Gates started studying at Harvard University in 1973 where he spent time with Paul Allen. Gates and Allen worked on a version of the programming language BASIC, which was the basis for the MITS Altair (the first microcomputer available). He did not go on to graduate from Harvard University as he left in his junior year to start what was to become the largest computer software company in the world; Microsoft Corporation. † 30 years later since Gates left Harvard; Gates came back to Harvard and gave a speech to those students who were graduated from Harvard. The reason why Bill Gates gave this speech is that he wanted to deliver what he had thought about a successful person should do to the world after graduated from school. His topics were appropriate for the audience, because the audience were all students who graduated from Harvard. Also, his topics were appropriate for the occasion, because it was Harvard commencement Day. For the general purpose of this speech, it was the special occasion speech, because this speech was a presentation that highlights a special event. The special event was the Harvard commencement. For the mode of delivery for this speech, I think it should be the manuscript mode, because during Bill Gates were giving the speech; he looked down on the speech table. Bill Gates used his voice effectively. He adjusted his rate very well. He did not speak very fast so that everyone there can get what he said. Also, he used pause for effect, such as when he said, Ive been waiting more than 30 years to say this: Dad, I always told you Id come back and get my degree. † Between â€Å"to say this† and â€Å"Dad† he used a pause, so that audience would think about what would he going to say. And it made the speech more interesting. Also, he used duration for attention, pitch for expression, volume for emphasis, enunciation for clarity and fluency for fluidity during his speech. He spoke clearly and smoothly, so that everyone could understand what he was talking about. Bill Gates used eye contact to hold audience attention, because he would look at audience usually, not kept reading his manuscript all the time. He did not use facial expression a lot, but audience still could see him smiling sometimes. Thus, for the delivery part, I think Bill Gates did very well. He gave the speech by using a manuscript; however, he gave the speech without kept reading the manuscript all the time. He used voice to get audiences’ attention; he used eye contact to kept audiences’ attention. And everything he talked was clear and smooth. For the speech organization, Bill Gates used a very good attention getter by saying, â€Å"Ive been waiting more than 30 years to say this: Dad, I always told you Id come back and get my degree. I want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. Ill be changing my job next year†¦and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume. But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out of business school. Im a bad influence. Thats why I was invited to speak at your graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be here today. I applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degrees. For my part, Im just happy that the Crimson has called me Harvards most successful dropout. I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special class†¦I did the best of everyone who failed. † These were part of the manuscript I found from networkworld. com. After his introduction, he began to recall his school life when he was studying in the Harvard. By telling his story, he told audience how he began his business. After his business, he talked about what he had thought about during the 30 years. Then, his main point came out: â€Å"In your years here, I hope youve had a chance to think about howin this age of accelerating technologywe can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them. † Then, Bill Gates gave an example for the inequities: there were millions of children were dying from poverty and disease. Then, Gates started talked about how to help these children from dying, â€Å"If we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generate profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustainable way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can never be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the world. We can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more creative capitalism? If we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more people can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are suffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the world to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the people who pay the taxes. At the last, he gave the conclusion by calling action, â€Å"Knowing what you know, how could you not? And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on what you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yourselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well you have addressed the world’s deepest inequities †¦ on how well you treated people a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity. † I think the organization of Bill’s speech was very good, because everything was included and nothing was unnecessary. For the materials to support the speech, Bill Gates used the AIDS as an example, â€Å"The broad goal, of course, is to end the disease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology would be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So governments, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is likely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what we have in handand the best prevention approach we have now is getting people to avoid risky behavior. Pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The crucial thing is to never stop thinking and workingand never do what we did with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th centurywhich is to surrender to complexity and quit. The final stepafter seeing the problem and finding an approachis to measure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that others learn from your efforts. † This example told people how to help those people who were suffering from disease. Also it told people to solve the problem when they met. The audiences were responded lively. When Bill Gates stood on the stage, all the people stood and began to clap. When Bill Gates used humor to deliver his points, audiences would laugh or clap. When Bill Gates was talking, the audience would be silence. It showed that the speech was interesting and meaningful that they would like to listen. Also, they showed the respect to the people who were the richest one in the world. After I watched the video, I think Bill Gates did very well on his speech. He gave an interesting and meaningful speech to people. He let people laugh; at the same time, he let people think.

A Case Study For Vertical Integration Commerce Essay

A Case Study For Vertical Integration Commerce Essay The word  vertical integration  describes a style of  management control. The oil industry has always been fertile ground for analysis of the reasons and effects vertical integration. One reasons of this popularity is that the stages of production are easily differentiated. The general perception is that Integration is a prerequisite for success of the company as the oil industry is populated by large Integrated companies that makes excessive profits. Vertically integrated businesses in a  supply chain  are united through a common owner. Vertical integration may also be a merger of two companies that are in various stages of production, (for example, an upstream company (ONGC) and a downstream company (HPCL) . Thereby merger with a company which is at a later stage in the production process (and therefore closer to the consumer end) is known as forward integration. Vertical integration may be contrasted with horizontal integration, the merger of companies that together are at the same stage of production, for example, merging of two upstream companies or two downstream companies. Joining further back in the process (if a downstream company merged with an upstream company, for example) is known as backward integration. An example of backward integration in India is of Reliance Industries Limited that started with textiles to polyester to petrochemicals and now refinery and exploration production. The integration of two organizations that are in completely different business lines is sometimes referred to as the conglomerate integration. Companies are downstream or upstream of the other depending on whether they are closer or farther from the end consumer (the sea, so to speak, to the river flowing production). The benefits of vertical integration come from the higher capacity that gives organizations control access to inputs (and to control the cost, quality and delivery of inputs). Some of the best examples of vertical integration have been in the Oil Industry. In 1970 and 1980, many companies that were principally engaged in the exploration and extraction of crude oil refineries decided to acquire downstream distribution networks. Companies like Shell and BP came to control all the steps involved in bringing a drop of oil from North Sea or Alaska to the fuel tank of the vehicles. . Reliance- A Case Study: The Reliance Group, founded by Dhirubhai H. Ambani (1932-2002), is Indias largest private enterprise, with businesses in the energy and materials value chain. Groups annual Revenues are in excess of U.S. $66 billion. The flagship company, Reliance Industries Limited, is a Fortune Global 500 company and is the largest private sector company in India. Backward vertical integration has been the foundation of the evolution and growth of Reliance. Starting with textiles in the late seventies, Reliance pursued a strategy of backward vertical integration from polyester to fiber intermediates, plastics, petrochemicals to petroleum refining and oil and gas exploration and production to be fully integrated along the materials and energy value chain. The Groups Activities span Exploration and Production of oil and gas, petroleum refining and marketing, petrochemicals (polyester, fiber intermediates, plastics and chemicals), textiles, retail and special economic zones Infotel. Reliance enjoys its Global Leadership in Businesses, being the largest polyester yarn and fiber producer in the world and among the top five to ten Producers in the world in major petrochemical products. Key Milestones in the history of Reliance Group: 1958- Dhirubhai Ambani started Reliance Commercial Corporation in Mumbai. 1966- Reliance entered the textile industry and set up a mill at Naroda, Ahmedabad. 1975- World Bank team visits the mill and declares that it is as modern and well-managed as those in the developed countries. 1977- Reliance went public with Indias first IPO 1985- Reliance total assets: $227 million. 1986- Reliance Capital, a merchant bank was created. 1988- Reliance Industrial Infrastructure, a petroleum pipeline provider, came into line. 1988- Reliance sales exceed $404 million. 1991- Hazira petrochemical plant commissioned. 1992-Reliance became the first Indian corporation to raise capital from international markets through Global Depository Receipts offering, and sets a record with a Reliance issue that received over 1 million investor applications. 1993- Reliance Petroleum went public in Indias largest public offering to date. Sales exceeded $909million, making Reliance Petroleum Indias largest publicly traded company. Also Reliance offered the first Euro Convertible bond issue. 1994- Awarded Companion Membership of the Textile Institute (UK). Award is limited to 50 members who have substantially advanced the fiber industry. 1994- Reliance offered the second Euro issue of Global Depository Receipts. 1995- Reliance net profit exceeded $242 million. 1995- Reliance Mutual Funds, an asset management and mutual fund provider launched. 1997- Reliance became the first corporation in Asia to issue 50 to 100 year bonds in the United States. 1997- Worlds largest multifeed cracker commissioned in Hazira. 1998- Reliance revenue tops $3 billion and total assets approach $8 billion. 1999- Worlds largest petroleum refinery complex commissioned at Jamnagar. 1999- Reliance Infocomm, a mobile service provider is launched. 2000- Reliance revenues exceed $4 billion, and total assets are $11.8 billion. 2002- Reliance Industries Ltd. and Reliance Petroleum Ltd merge into Reliance Industries. The new firm is named to the Forbes Global 500 in 2003, entering at position 306. Backward integration of Reliance Industries Objectives of the Study The objectives of the proposed research are as follows: To study the various activities that can be successfully integrated in oil and gas companies. To study the effects of vertical integration on diferrent oil and gas companies. To analyze the effects of vertical integration on Reliance Industries. Research Methodology Collection of Secondary Data Secondary data will be collected from already integrated oil and gas companies and it will give an insight on the various activities which can be successfully integrated. The data would then be simulated to analyze the effect of vertical integration on Reliance Industries. Literature Review: Oil companies, both national and multinationals have often adopted a vertically integrated structure. Some of these companies are: Exxon Mobil: it was formed in 1999 by the merger of two companies- Exxon and Mobil. Before the merger, Exxon was an upstream major while Mobil was a Chemical Company and its chief products included basic olefins and aromatics, ethylene glycol and polyethylene. After the merger, the company has been operating in the following areas: Upstream ExxonMobil Exploration Company ExxonMobil Development Company ExxonMobil Production Company ExxonMobil Gas and Power Marketing Company ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company ExxonMobil Upstream Ventures Downstream ExxonMobil Refining and Supply Company Sea River Maritime ExxonMobil Fuels, Lubricants Specialties Marketing Company ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company International Marine Transportation Chemical ExxonMobil Chemical Company ExxonMobil is an industry leader in almost every aspect of the energy and petrochemical business. Its activities range from the exploration and production of oil and gas to coal and copper mining, from the refining of petroleum products to the marketing of fuels (under the Exxon. Mobil and Esso brands). waxes. asphalt and chemicals. In addition. ExxonMobil is active in electric power generation. ExxonMobil Chemical is one of the largest petrochemical companies in the world. Its products include olefins, aromatics, synthetic rubber, polyethylene, polypropylene and oriented polypropylene packaging films. The company operates its 54 manufacturing plants in more than 20 countries and markets its products in more than 150 countries. Shell: Shell has vertically integrated its structure which has helped it develop commercial expertise in all stages of this vertical integration, from the initial search for oil (exploration) through its harvesting (production), transportation, refining and finally trading and marketing established the core competencies in the company was founded. Similar competencies are also developed for natural gas, which has become one of the most important businesses in which Shell is involved, and which contributes a significant proportion of the profits of the company. Royal Dutch- Petroleums subsidiary, Shell Oil, acquired Pennzoil-QuakerState, the largest producer of motor oil. The vertical acquisition, which included over 2000 Jiffy Lube oil change centers, was consistent with Shells parent companys strategy to acquire a company that complements its lubricant and oil-products businesses and Shells gas station chain. Royal Dutch-Shell was international from its earliest days. Formed in 1907 as an Anglo-Dutch alliance between Shell Transport and Trading and the Royal Dutch Petroleum Company, the Royal Dutch-Shell group was, at that time, the only serious international rival to Rockefellers Standard. By the time that Anglo-Persian was formed in 1909 Rockefellers Standard and Royal Dutch-Shell had already established powerful positions in the international oil industry. But although Anglo-Persian was a latecomer, it had the unique and crucial competitive advantage that it was the first mover in developing the oil reserves of the Middle East, where its first oil field at Masjid-i-Suleiman in southern Persia (later Iran) was a giant, containing vast reserves of crude oil which could be produced in great quantities at low cost. From these different beginnings, the firms that would become international majors, acting at times as rivals, at others as allies, proceeded to establish their mastery of the international oil industry Each of them set out to produce its own crude oil for processing at its own refineries, and to sell the resultant products to the final consumer through its own market outlets. Each also sought to achieve, as far as was possible, a balance between these successive stages in its operations. By this policy of operational vertical integration, each major was able to co-ordinate the flow of oil, under its own control, from its oil fields to its markets. In practice, no major was able to achieve a perfect balance between its upstream (producing) and downstream (marketing and refining) operations. Majors with more markets than production could not find new oil fields at will, while others with more production than markets risked fierce competitive battles with their established rivals if they tried to break into new markets. To rectify the imbalances, and to mitigate the rivalries, the majors adopted a combination of measures they contracted to sell each other crude and products, sometimes in very large quantities; they joined in market-sharing agreements, most famously the 1928 Achnacarry Agreement to share out markets by a quota system; and they formed regional alliances in which majors with surplus upstream capacity joined forces with others with surplus downstream capacity, so that they could balance their joint operations without engaging in competition. By these arrangements, the international flow of oil came to be channeled, not through open, transparent markets for crude and products, but through the closed circuits of the majors vertically integrated systems. There were, both then and later, differences between those who argued that vertical integration was the economically most efficient means of organizing the international flow of oil, and those who saw vertical integration not as an economic necessity, but as a way of suppressing competition and of enabling the majors to control the industry. To a large degree, however, vertical integration was historically determined by Rockefellers early dominance. Once he had established a high degree of monopolistic control, it became a competitive necessity for later entrants such as Royal Dutch Shell, and later Anglo- Persian, to integrate vertically in order to avoid having to negotiate on uneven terms with established competitors for purchases and/ or sales of oil.

Mock Exam Constitutional Law B

Constitutional Law Exam (Practice) N. B. The questions in this exam are taken, in part, from the tutorial questions – but expanded. Question One: The Commonwealth government passes a tax act on coal which is 10% tax on the sale of coal. The act also deals with regulations on the way coal is mined in states. If a coal company heeds all the regulations the government will increase the amount of funding given to the States for all its projects. The tax will increase the price of coal sold interstate as the companies attempt to offset the tax increase. The act also provides provisions for new mining companies that set up in ‘country towns’ will pay only 7% of the tax – this is part of its decentralised sustainable planning policy. To encourage people to go and work in these country towns and to encourage other businesses also the act adjusts the income tax rate for people who work in the mines and live in the country. It also prescribes a reduction in HECS and education costs for miners with children who attend university/school. †¢Is there a head of power to support these laws? If yes, †¢Is the Act constitutionally valid? Issues for concern: Multi-characterisation: †¢S 51(20) – Corporations power – ‘trading corporation’ –Adamson’s activities test etc. †¢S 51(1) – Trade and Commerce. †¢S 51(2) – Taxation power. †¢S 51(39) – Incidental Power. Constitutional Limitations: †¢S 51(2) does it discriminate between States? – s51(2) – issue of non-coal mining tax compared to coal mining states – Tasmania v Queensland †¢Regulations – cleaner technology – more funding from federal government gives preference to mining States – Tasmania v Queensland – possible breach of s 99? The coal tax act must deal exclusively with tax anything else [regulations] shall have no effect: s 55. So notwithstanding s 99 breaches may have no effect through s 55 anyway. †¢Section 92 – in effect the laws impact on the ‘absolutely free’ intercourse of trade between states à ¢â‚¬â€œ increase in prices. †¢Section 117 – tax reduced to 7% or new business setting up in country towns; adjustment of income tax rates in for country towns – and educational benefits – discrimination between the residences of States. Question Two: The Federal Government makes a regulation in the immigration legislation in relation to that claiming refugee status. It states that the applications of those who come from Middle Eastern countries should not be processed for six months. The Government argues these rules are necessary because the situation in those countries is unsettled, and it is difficult for them to properly assess claims of persecution at this time. The new regulations also prevent the renewal of all working visas for Middle Eastern people, and require immediate deportation of people whose visas have expired. The new regulations also require that those of Islamic faith (from Middle-Eastern countries) must identify themselves with a patch sewn on their clothes and any mosque must be registered with the Australian Federal Police. The regulations prescribe that the accounting books of these mosques are audited every two months. There has been a great deal of protest over these new laws and so the government has also passed regulation that attempts to retard the more aggressive protestors by imposing mandatory prison sentences for those people cause grievous bodily harm to police officers in protesting, or cause damage to cars/buildings or other property. †¢Is there a head of power to support these laws? If yes, †¢Is the Act constitutionally valid? Issues for concern: Multi-characterisation: †¢S 51(19) – Alien power. †¢S 51(26) – Race. S 51(2) – Emigration or Immigration. †¢S 51(39) – Incidental Power. †¢S 51(6) – Defence Power (not an issue for the exam – but noteworthy). Constitutional Limitations: †¢Breach of freedom of religion s 116. †¢Implied freedom of political communication †¢Possibly an issue of Separation of Powers – Kable – (not an issue for the exam – but noteworthy). Question Three: The F ederal Government makes regulation to stimulate the economy and then begins issue handouts to business in the Eastern States, as well as Eastern State Governments. They argue that because Eastern States contribute the most to our economy their economies are more important coming out of a recession. †¢Is there a head of power to support these laws? If yes, †¢Is the Act constitutionally valid? Issues for concern: Multi-characterisation: †¢S 96 – Grants to the States. †¢S 81 – Appropriations – head of power for this section: †¢S 51(20) – Corporations power – ‘trading corporation’ –Adamson’s activities test etc. †¢S 51(1) – Trade and Commerce. S 51(39) – Incidental Power. Constitutional Limitations: †¢Section 99 – preference to States. †¢Section 117 – residence. Question Four: (Essay Question) Are rights in Australia sufficiently covered by the Constitution; even when rights have been provided for – right to trial by jury – they have been narrowly construed to circumvent their application? Should this happe n? Is a bill of Rights need in our constitutional regime? Are implied rights sufficient. Discuss – with reference to examples.

The Effects of Social Media on Communication Skills

AbstractThis paper summarizes the effects of social media on hindering communication skills and reducing social activity in the world. Each reason is supported by evidence by referring to four published books and some articles online. It focuses mainly on social media via the Web, such as, Facebook, Twitter, and MySpace, to which many of the youth are exposed to nowadays, and this exposure has led to addiction. This paper informs people about the issue of social media affecting communication skills and calls for means to solve this problem.The Effects of Social Media on Communication SkillsRebecca Javeleau, a 15 year-old Facebook user, meant to invite her 15 closest friends to her birthday party, but ended up inviting over 20,000 people, 8000 of which RSVP’d for the event. The birthday girl went into hiding when more than 1500 guests showed up and around 100 police officers were needed to keep the crowd under control. Did these 21000 people really know the girl? Are they reall y considered as â€Å"friends† of hers'? Modern society seems convinced that social media like Twitter and Facebook keep people connected and grow their social skills with friends and peers.But what actually these social networking sites are doing to people is that they're mutually isolating networks that part people from meaningful interactions with one another and make them less human. Many scholars see new communication technology as a threat to the discipline of interpersonal communication (Konijn et al. , 2008). Social media like Facebook, Twitter, Whatsapp, and other applications are hampering our social skills. Social networking sites deteriorate communication skills because people forget proper manners as they constantly use these sites.The more time these people spend on social sites, the less time they will have to spend socializing in person. Socializing via social sites lacks body signals and other nonverbal cues such as voice quality, tone, facial expressions, an d many others, therefore it isn't an adequate replacement for face-to-face communication since these people won't be able to communicate and socialize effectively in person with one another. In the real world, the effective communication skills are key to success.A month ago, I received a friend request from a Facebook user whom I didn't know. After some days of chatting and better knowing each other, we decided to meet in person and have a real conversation. When we met in a cafe at around noon, we greeted one another and sat in our places. It was very embarrassing when we spent half an hour staring at each other and not knowing what to talk about. That is when I realized that these social networking sites are truly hindering our social interactions and the development of strong communication skills.According to Konijn et al.(2008),â€Å"Researchers speculated that CMC would lead to the sharing of impersonal messages due to the lack of facial and tonal cues† (p. 15). Therefo re we can say that social media causes effects on a person’s ability to communicate in a proper manner, which includes body signals, voice, and other cues. As Dimbleby R. & Burton G. state it (1992), â€Å"Body language tells us a lot about people's feelings, attitudes, and intentions† (p. 37). Moreover, NVC such as body signals relates to our perception of others, and relates to the idea of feedback (Dimbleby R. & Burton G. , 1992, p. 40).Another reason why these social networking sites are reducing communication skills is because they lack practice of active listening which is needed during conversations in the real world. Great communication skills take practice and that can't be done by sitting on a sofa and typing on your computer or cellphone, it can be done by appearing in person and actively communication with one another. When the news spread all around that an application was available in the market, a free application through which anyone who shares contacts can chat with each other all day long without any payment.This application was called â€Å"Whatsapp†. My friends encouraged me to download and use this application. We spent hours and days sitting at home chatting with one another. It was time to go back to school. When the teacher actually asked us to have a dialogue in the class, I realized that it was easier for me to chat on my phone instead of speaking out loud in front of everyone, which was pretty difficult to handle.It wasn't only my case, as the whole class was addicted to these kinds of applications or  messengers or sites, that cause people to be like robots, typing all day long, while a phone call could make it easier for them to save time and save energy. I believe these applications or whatsoever destroyed our ability to communicate in face-to-face interactions. In a European study of 635 participants ages 16-55 years old who visited a website and completed an online questionnaire, 48. 9% reported preferring to use their cell phones for texting over voice calls and 26. 1% reported texting too much. This study also measured levels of loneliness, expressive control, interaction anxiousness, and conversational involvement.Two significant findings were that 61% of the participants stated they say things in text that they would not feel comfortable saying face-to-face and 64% stated they feel they are able to express their true feelings best in text messages rather than in face-to-face interactions or voice calls (Reid & Reid, 2007). Social media hinders communication skills because it leads to isolation. Social media from Facebook to Twitter have made us more densely connected than ever, yet for all this connectivity, we have never been lonelier and this loneliness is making us physically and mentally ill.Some people choose to sit at home all day pretending to be someone they're not instead of going outside and having real conversations and interactions. Then, we can say that on social net works, everybody tries to come across at their very best often embellishing their profiles, making Facebook a reference group against which one starts to compare one's own popularity and success, which may lead to cases of depression and isolation if one finds the other more successful than himself/herself.A recent observation done by myself on the issue of social media leading to isolation showed that people want to constantly be visible amongst their peers and be the best among all. Those who weren't able to have more â€Å"friends† than their peers were actually depressed and felt left out of the group. A tragic story alarms people of the issue of social media leading to isolation and depression, when a 15 year-old girl hanged herself because her friends at school were bullying her and she felt lonely and her depression let her to commit suicide.Konijn et al (2008) study found the following : Being ignored or ostracized has negative psychological consequences. For example, ostracism has been associated with depressed mood, anxiety, loneliness, helplessness, invisibility, and frustration. Being ostracized threatens the basic human needs for belonging, self-esteem, control, and meaningful existence. This can be anything like unanswered emails, or being consistently ignored in a chat room. (p. 203) There are critics that say social networking sites lead to larger non-diverse social networks, hence increasing communication skills.It is true that these networking sites make it easier for people to connect all around the world, but is that a cause to increase communication skills? Why, then, two people sitting in the same room chat on their IPhones together while they could have a real face-to-face communication? Why do these people feel dead on one's feet to actually walk 10 second to the hallway to talk with their friends and have a real conversation? Even if these social networking sites lead to larger non-diverse social networks, are these relationship s real?How can you prove if the one you are communicating with is a person you can trust? According to Mintz et al. , (2012), â€Å"driven by younger, technologically savvy students, Myspace and Facebook have grown exponentially into sites where people can and do pretend to be who they aren't†. Another party criticizes the fact that these social networking sites are ruining communication skills by saying people use this technology to get in touch with one another and plan for a meeting.In addition to that, they criticize by saying that internet users are more likely to visit a cafe or coffee shop than people who don't use the internet. Well, don't these people who visit coffee shops hold their laptops in their hands and sit browsing on the Internet while drinking a coffee or having a bite? If they really meant to plan a meeting and to interact with one another then why do these people leave their cellphones and laptops away from sight? How did technology make it easier for pe ople to get in touch with one another?Did it make it easier by allowing anyone to see one’s privacy and know every single detail about that person? Doesn’t this eventually lead to spam and identity theft? How can we protect ourselves from harmful remarks and actions when the identity of the perpetrator is unknown? As Konijn et al (2008) states, â€Å"by focusing on symbolic shifts, time/space relationships, interactivity, sensory bias, and conditons of attendance, media ecology provides a framework for understanding how interpersonal communication is shifted from face-to-face to mediated contexts† (p.20).Social networking sites not only decrease the number of face-to-face interactions, but they greatly deplete the social skills that are important in any society. Facebook is a great tool to connect with one another but it is tech-deep and we need skin-deep, we need real actively involved connections and conversations. This trend causes human beings to become cons umed by a virtual world while they're simultaneously pulled further away from reality.

010 Ethos and Audience Professor Ramos Blog

010 Ethos and Audience Ethos Quick Write Ethos Ethos is about values. In rhetoric we connect ethos to  character, credibility, and trustworthiness.  At their core, these concepts have to do with values. We tend to believe and trust those individuals who exemplify the values we cherish, who live the sort of life that we would want to live.  Ethos Handout from University of Maryland Ethos is inferred, NOT possessed. Five strategies for persuading through character. Personal info Sources Identification with Audience Point of View Balanced Presentation 5 Ways to Persuade with Character (Ethos) | How to Craft an Argument Presidential Hats Trump in Cowboy Hat Obama in Cowboy Hat Bush in Cowboy Hat Using Rhetoric Notes Ethos Research Unbiased Pathos Emotional Storytelling So What? Logos Logical History Facts Statistics Evidence Authority/Pros Background Include the Conversation What argument is she making? How does she build Ethos? How does she use pathos? How does she use logos? Understanding Audience Audience is quite possibly the most important thing to consider when writing an argument. You need to appeal to them, understand their problems, values, and beliefs, in order to convince them of your point of view. Who your audience is should influence  how  you present your argument. Who your audience is should influence  how  you present yourself. Who is your audience? Determine what is important to your audience. What do they really care about? What do they value? Are your reasons in line with those values? Argumentative Essay Arguing a Solution to a Problem Position. Take a clear position on an arguable topic. Reasons. Develop main reasons, keeping audience in mind. Evidence. Support all reasons with strong research. Opposition. Acknowledge the opposing argument and take it out. Agree or Disagree with a Reading from our Textbook Summarize the article and argument. Agree or Disagree but add something. Incorporate research to argue your position. Take a Position on a Controversial Topic Present the controversial topic. Give pro arguments. Give con arguments. Take a position. Integrate research to argue your position.

Change Management Strategy in an Organisation

Change Management Strategy in an Organisation Change is inevitable: it is brought about by globalisation, change in customer needs, and technological developments among other factors. As much as change is inevitable, the nature of human being resists change; how well an organisation adopts to change, determines the competitive a company.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Change Management Strategy in an Organisation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Leaders have the role of implementing strategies to effect change effectively in their organisation. Change may be rapid, where there is minimal time to plan and adjust processes and products in line with the expected change (Hayes 12-23). This paper discuses change management strategy in an organisation. Strategy A strategy is a thought system and process to be followed, with the aim of attaining certain set objectives. The strategy may be made by an expert, or it can be developed internally in an organisation to ensu re that better processes have been adopted. Implementing and managing a strategy is the final stage of a strategy, where elements and components of the strategy are put in place. In the case of change, a change strategy should be implemented and pioneered by change agents. Change management strategy Leadership of an organisation has the mandate of implementing and managing change. Businesses, countries and the world in general is facing massive change and developments, there are transition and development in different areas. Change should be gradual but should adopt a pace that ensures that the organisation will benefit from opportunities offered by change or mitigate any threats offered by changes in business world. An effective change management policy will ensure a smooth transition from old process development methods to the new form of production. Objectives of a change management program There are different reasons why change should be undertaken in an organisation. The prevai ling condition offers the objective to meet by the change process. Major objectives of a change management strategy are: Improve current working condition; this is through adoption of modern or relevant strategies, for example to implement risk management strategy, there are some change that need to be accommodate in an organization Adopt a different way of doing things and take advantage of available opportunities as other business opportunities are created Make new combinations of resources in an organization; this is mostly when better combination ways have been innovated Adopt new technology; scientific innovations and developments have resulted to technological innovation that robust organization should adopt for efficiency and effectiveness in internal and external processes. Change of business, target market, production formulae, management, job schedules, job description among other; this is where an organization need to take a different approach in business Have a differen t human resource management system, computer system among others Change management program The success of a change program is dependent on how employees in the organisation are going to adjust and the way they will perceive the change. The attitude towards change determines whether the process will be affected effectively or not. The change agents should take certain deliberate measures and follow a well thought process that is influenced by organisational culture of a company.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To implement a change strategy, the following process should be followed: Planning change This is where the need for a change in an organisation is recognised; at this stage, an analysis of prevailing condition in the industry is important. An internal and external audit is conducted to ensure that current position in market is recognised. Change agents shou ld undertake massive research on an area of deficit recognised so that they can devise appropriate mechanisms and strategies to an effective solution (Newman 56-78). Pilot study and management sensitisation After the area that need change has been recognised, the report of the change should be discussed with top management. This is a very important task since how well top management understand the change to come in an organisation, the more support they are likely to give to the change. Through brainstorming and involvement of experts, alterative are devised; if there are past organisations that have implemented any of the set alternatives, its performance should be evaluated. The risk areas are established to ensure that mitigation measures have been established. It is at this stage that the best alternative is chosen; this stage may take varying durations depending with the urgency of the problem at hand, however it should address all areas. Staff sensitisation and involvement Aft er the management have decided on the way forward, before taking any step further, they should involve their employees at all levels seeking their support. At this stage, employees are likely to have a number of questions regarding the change and how will be affected by the change. Change agents should be well versed with the expected change results and the effects it is likely to have on employees. In case some employees have some recommendations to the change, their views should not be locked out but should be included in the change process as long as they will not contradict the objectives targeted by the change. Employees should be made aware that they are part and parcel of the change process and the process should not be implemented on them rather they should be fully involved in the change process (Sadler and  James 34-46). Consolidating change When all things are set to go and attitude of employees towards the perceived change is positive, then the new strategy of doing th ings should be launched. Before switching the old strategy of doing things, the new strategy and the old one should be run concurrently to give a testing chance of the new strategy as employees learn and adjust to the new system.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Change Management Strategy in an Organisation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sometime there are improvements that become necessary after implementation; such improvements should be done before the old system has been switched off. Support, monitoring, improvement and control of the new system should also be embarked on. Managers role in change Management Leaders in an organisation are mandated with the task of pioneering a business to its desired objectives; they are the change agents. In transitional period the leaders is the one who guides subordinates to the desired path. They make rules and policies to be followed in attaining the goals: without disreg arding their subordinates. Change needs to be planned at all, times when it is being implemented and conducted in such a way that it will be accepted in the business (Hiatt and Creasey 8-12). Change best practice Change Best practice is the approach that a company can adopt to undergo the change process effectively; it involves accommodating all people. Although different strategies of change management are used in different companies, John P Kotters has come up with an eight-stage change best practice model, as follows: Increase urgency After the top management has understood and backed the change process, change agents goes down the hierarchy to create awareness on expected changes in the company. Focus is on the specific departments that will be affected. Having round table meetings where the expected change is discussed is necessary. Relevant inputs from employees are accommodated. Build the guiding team At this stage, people have diverse views, fears and optimisms; depending wi th an individual. Change agents should work closely to explain finer details of the projects and remove doubts and tensions created. This stage call for professionalism since it can break the entire system if a negative perception is created in the mind of the employees. Communicate for buy-in This stage, employees undergo necessary training on how they are expected to conduct themselves after the change process. Those employees who are still resistance should be given one-on-one approach where issues and their fears are aired out. Empower action Change agents guide the employees to see the practicability of the new way of doing things, depending with the development; this stage can be delayed to later date. Any issues and misunderstandings are polished at this stage as employees learn more about the new system and its operations. Note at this stage, the old system still is on.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Create short-term wins The new change is given a full test without doing away with the old one. The new system dominate in activities, this stage gives the company the chance to evaluate the new system as employees learn it further. Dont let up In case the new system has disappointments, it should not be done away with; it should be reinforced and accustomed further for the business. Make change stick At this stage, the company will have understood the change and ready to work with it. The old system is switched off and mechanisms mechanism to evaluate, appraise and upgrade to the new system are put in place (Sadler and  James 45-76) Conclusion People are static to change; however, if an organisation implements an effective change program, then change can be smooth and effective. An effective change strategy should involve employees of an organisation at different levels and sort for their continued support. Hayes, Johns. The Theory and practice of Change Management . New York: P algrave Macmillan, 2010. Print. Hiatt, Jeff, and   Creasey Timothy. Change management: the people side of change. Colorado: Prosci, 2003. Print. Newman, Janet. Modernising Governance. Belmont: SAGE Publications, 2001. Print. Sadler, Philip, and  James Craig. Strategic management. London: Kogan Page Publishers, 2003. Print.

What was the Impact of the Holocaust on Postwar Art and Culture Essay

What was the Impact of the Holocaust on Postwar Art and Culture - Essay Example This figure represented two thirds of the total European Jewish population and a third of the world’s total. Causes Germany was forced to sign the humiliating Versailles Treaty, at the end of the First World War, in which the country was forced to cut down on its armed forces, its prewar territory was reduced, and Germans were forced to admit guilt for the war. They were also forced to pay reparations to the allied forces for losses incurred during the war. The country was also forced to adopt a parliamentary governing system, and it is through this system that Adolf Hitler became a Chancellor, or prime minister, in 1932. Soon after, his government started propagating hate campaign against Jews, claiming that they were the source of all German problems and, therefore, needed to be exterminated as a race from the world. This is what led to the Holocaust, a tragedy that peaked during the war and only ended with Germany’s defeat, by the allied forces, in 1945 (AICE). ... Other museums across the world have set aside sections that keep these objects too. Paintings and Pictures Visual representations have also been done through paintings, photography and films. Evidence from the concentration camps indicates that the detainees engaged in the art to express their feelings and sufferings, and to avoid getting bored. Though some of this work was discovered by the Nazis and destroyed claiming it was part of ‘horror propaganda’, and the artists punished severely, however, some of it survived. This includes Josef Nassy’s 200 drawings which he painted while at Bavaria’s Laufen and Tittmoning concentration camps. His pieces of art survived the concentration camps and these help in capturing an eye witness’ account of the dehumanizing nature in which Nazis treated the Jews. ‘No names’ are paintings by Alice Lok Cahana, a Hungarian Holocaust survivor who tells her story as a teenage detainee. Her work is preserved i n the Collection of Modern Religious Art gallery, at the Vatican Museum. Some other artists helped in producing paintings of life at Bergen-Belsen concentration camp months after its liberation and these include Mary Kessell, Leslie Cole, and Sargeant Eric Taylor who was one of the camp's liberators. A lot of these paintings have been done over time including those by contemporary artists and are on display in different museums and art galleries across the globe (Zelizer 8). Photography Photography has also been used extensively to preserve memories of the Holocaust. Among these is the more than 10,000 photos taken secretly by Mendel Grossman while at the death camps. Though he died in the same camps; however, the negatives were used to develop photos

Value of Diversity and Multiculturalism in Business Essay

Value of Diversity and Multiculturalism in Business - Essay Example Diversity and multiculturalism in workforce produce a wide range of considerable benefits for companies. As Holt (2013) states, â€Å"Workplace diversity elevates companies because it provides many different perspectives during decision making, broadens the companys re ach in the market and allows everyone an equal chance to advance†. Some of the main benefits that a company can get by hiring a diverse workforce include improved economic growth, improved share of consumer market, reduced employee turnover costs, increased synergy in teams, and increased levels of productivity and profitability. However, proper employee training is the key to obtain the maximum workforce diversity benefits (Sammour & Karp, 2000). Employees from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds usually have good relationships between them (Kundu, 2003). One of the main benefits of hiring a diverse workforce is that it increases the business of a company in international markets. The reason is that diverse workforce is able to communicate with international business community in an effective manner. Communication is one of the main barriers for a company in achieving international success. However, this issue can be resolved by hiring employees with different cultural and ethnic backgrounds because such employees are able to communicate effectively with citizens and business professionals of foreign countries. A diverse workforce is also able to resolve complex business problems using critical thinking approach. A multicultural workforce is able to understand the political and legislative issues of different countries, as well as the norms and values of different cultures and that understanding helps in growing the bu siness in international markets in accordance with those cultural and political limitations. Moreover, multiculturalism also helps businesses in making

Supervision and Law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Supervision and Law - Coursework Example To that effect, the supervisors often use humiliation and embarrassment as a management tool. The law requires the correctional workplace to be favorable to the employees (Lombardo & Schroeder, 2013). Good supervision improves motivation, job satisfaction, and staff confidence. However, ToersBijns (2013) notes that the correctional workplace is filled with fatigue, tension, stress, and anxiety that are all a perfect formula for burnout. The officers suffer from sleep deprivation and shift disorientation working for odd hours as well as the overtime in order to make up for the staff shortages and follow the supervisor’s requirements. On one hand, the administration demands perfection, while on the other hand, the general public is eager to understand how the correctional officers are doing their job. As for the correctional facilities officers, the longer one works in an incarceration facility the harder they can find positive things in life and often plunge in low-self esteem, depression, and aggression. These emotions are signs of burnout and distress and occurs to e very officer that come to work daily. If the law is not adequately addressed, the supervisor often frowns upon the sick leave, thus denying the officers a work-life balance. Most officers cite the the supervisors as their main nemesis toying around with shifts, rotating the posts, and changing the personnel rules, along with psychologically detrimental issues play into the fatigue factor and drive down the performance and morale of the officers. ToersBijns, C. (2013, April 3). Correctional Officers: Victims of Abuse by Negativity. Retrieved April 15, 2015, from